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Default, Transition, and Recovery: Corporate Defaults Jumped 80% In 2023 To 153

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Default, Transition, and Recovery: Corporate Defaults Jumped 80% In 2023 To 153

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S&P Global Ratings' 2023 global corporate default tally reached 153 following 12 defaults in December:

  • U.S.-based Matrix Holdings Inc.
  • U.K.-based oil and gas exploration and production company Tullow Oil
  • U.S.-based medical scribing services provider HealthChannels Intermediate HoldCo LLC
  • U.S.-based online consumer platform LendingTree Inc.
  • U.S.-based hospital operator Community Health Systems Inc.
  • Luxembourg-based paper products manufacturer Lecta Ltd.
  • U.S.-based youth sports products manufacturer Outerstuff LLC
  • U.S.-based FR BR Holdings LLC
  • U.S.-based component and control systems manufacturer Range Parent Inc.
  • German elevator components manufacturer Wittur International Holding GmbH
  • Austria-based property developer Signa Development Selection AG
  • Switzerland-based pigment maker SK Neptune Husky Intermediate IV S.a.r.l.

The U.S. led defaults in 2023 with 96--63% of all defaults globally and 2.6 times the number of defaults in the U.S. in 2022. We attribute the high number of U.S. defaults, in part, to a higher number of issuers having been rated 'CCC+' or below for an extended period of time, with many firms seeing negative cash flows coupled with elevated leverage, high interest expenses, and weak liquidity.

There were fewer defaults in Europe in 2023 than in the U.S., but Europe still had an elevated number of defaults last year, with 30. That is nearly double the number of defaults in the region in 2022 and is its second-highest annual default tally since 2009 (see chart 1).

In 2024, we expect further credit deterioration globally, predominantly at the lower end of the rating scale (rated 'B-' or below), where close to 40% of issuers are at risk of downgrades. We expect financing costs to remain elevated despite the prospect of rate cuts. And while borrowers have reduced their 2024 maturities, a large share of speculative-grade debt is expected to mature in 2025 and 2026 (see "Global Credit Outlook 2024: New Risks, New Playbook," published Dec. 4, 2023).

We think slower economic growth and higher financing costs will contribute to increasing default rates. We expect the U.S. and European trailing-12-month speculative-grade corporate default rates to reach 5% and 3.75%, respectively, by September 2024 (see "Higher Rates For Even Longer Could Push The U.S. Speculative-Grade Corporate Default Rate To 5% By September 2024," published Nov. 16, 2023, and "Elevated Interest Rates Could Push The European Speculative-Grade Corporate Default Rate To 3.75% By September 2024," published Nov. 17, 2023).

Chart 1

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Sector Default Trends That Emerged In 2023

The media and entertainment sector drove defaults last year, with 31--more than triple the previous year's tally and matching its highest annual tally since 2009 (see chart 2). Sectors exposed to consumer spending--such as media and entertainment, consumer products (19 defaults), and retail (14)--accounted for 42% of total defaults in 2023, and we think they will likely continue to lead defaults in 2024 given our expectation of slower global economic growth and the already elevated number of weakest links in those sectors (that is, issuers rated 'B-' or lower with a negative outlook or on CreditWatch with negative implications).

However, we also expect the pressures from higher interest rates to become more widespread, straining cash flows--particularly for issuers with higher debt burdens. The health care sector emerged in 2023 as a sector of note, posting the third-highest default tally of any sector, with 18 defaults--three times its 2022 tally and six times its 2021 tally. Specifically, the sector is dealing with increased debt burdens and increased strains from staffing shortages. The media and entertainment, consumer products, and health care sectors together account for more than 40% of all weakest links globally.

Chart 2

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For The Third Year In A Row, Distressed Exchanges Represented More Than 40% Of Total Defaults

Distressed exchanges continued to be the primary reason for defaults in 2023, and they accounted for seven of the 12 defaults in December. There were 72 distressed exchanges last year, well above the five-year average of 51, as issuers became more likely to settle distress out of court (see chart 3). We expect this trend to continue into 2024 since companies may use distressed exchanges as a tool to manage looming maturity dates, especially as high interest rates keep refinancing out of reach for some lower-rated issuers.

Chart 3

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Chart 4

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Table 1

Global corporate default summary
The U.S. default rate is estimated to go even higher
Trailing-12-month speculative-grade default rate (%) Weakest links (no.)
U.S. 4.44* 228
Emerging markets 1.9 24
Europe 3.47* 49
Other developed 4.4 8
Global 3.5 309
Note: *Trailing-12-month speculative-grade default rates are for Dec. 31, 2023-Dec. 31, 2023, and are preliminary and subject to change. Trailing-12-month speculative-grade default rates are for Nov. 30, 2023-Nov. 30, 2023. Year-to-date data is as of Dec. 31, 2023. Weakest links data is as of Dec. 31, 2023. Other developed regions includes Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand. Default counts may include confidentially rated issuers. Sources: S&P Global Market Intelligence’s CreditPro® and S&P Global Ratings Credit Research & Insights.

Table 2

The global corporate default tally ended 2023 at 153
Date Parent company Country/market Subsector To From Reason
01/03/23

Moran Foods LLC (A)

U.S. Retail and restaurants SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
01/16/23

Americanas S.A.

Brazil Retail and restaurants D B Missed principal and interest payments
01/19/23

Party City Holdings Inc.

U.S. Retail and restaurants D CCC Bankruptcy
01/20/23

Mexarrend S.A.P.I. de C.V.

Mexico Financial institutions D CC Missed principal and interest payments
01/24/23

Serta Simmons Bedding LLC

U.S. Consumer products D CCC- Bankruptcy
01/27/23

Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. (A)

U.S. Retail and restaurants D CC Missed principal and interest payments
01/30/23

Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.

U.S. Automotive SD CC Distressed exchange
01/31/23

Missouri TopCo Ltd.

U.K. Consumer products SD CCC- Distressed exchange
01/31/23

Invacare Corp.

U.S. Health care D NR Bankruptcy
02/03/23

Oi S.A.

Brazil Telecommunications D CCC- Missed principal and interest payments
02/09/23

KNB Holdings Corp.

U.S. Consumer products D CCC- Bankruptcy
02/10/23

Yak Access LLC

U.S. Capital goods D CCC Distressed exchange
02/14/23

K&N Parent Inc.

U.S. Automotive D CCC- Distressed exchange
02/15/23

99 cents only stores LLC

U.S. Retail and restaurants SD CCC+ Missed payments
02/15/23

Avaya Holdings Corp.

U.S. High technology D CC Bankruptcy
02/15/23

Diamond Sports Group LLC

U.S. Media and entertainment D CCC- Missed interest payments
02/16/23

Stanadyne Holdings Inc.

U.S. Capital goods D NR Bankruptcy
02/16/23 Confidential Confidential Media and entertainment D CC Confidential
02/17/23

AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CC Distressed exchange
02/17/23

Premier Brands Group Holdings LLC

U.S. Consumer products SD CCC Distressed exchange
02/22/23

Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A.

Luxembourg Financial institutions SD CC Distressed exchange
02/22/23

Foodco Bondco SAU

Spain Retail and restaurants SD CCC- Missed interest payments
02/24/23

Bausch Health Cos. Inc.

Canada Health care SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
02/28/23

Equinox Holdings Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC- Distressed exchange
02/28/23

Rising Tide Holdings Inc. (A)

U.S. Retail and restaurants SD CC Distressed exchange
03/01/23

Akorn Operating Co. LLC

U.S. Health care D CCC+ Bankruptcy
03/02/23

Community Health Systems Inc.

U.S. Health care SD B- Distressed exchange
03/06/23

LendingTree Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD B- Distressed exchange
03/10/23

Loyalty Ventures Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment D CCC+ Bankruptcy
03/10/23

Silicon Valley Bank

U.S. Financial institutions D BBB Regulatory
03/14/23

Bioplan USA Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment D CCC Out-of-court restructuring
03/14/23

Gol Linhas Aereas Inteligentes S.A.

Brazil Transportation SD CC Distressed exchange
03/14/23

Technicolor Creative Studios

France Media and entertainment D CCC- Missed interest payments
03/16/23

Mallinckrodt PLC

Ireland Health care SD B- Distressed exchange
03/17/23

National CineMedia Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment D CCC- Missed interest payments
03/17/23

SVB Financial Group

U.S. Financial institutions D NR Regulatory
03/20/23

TV Azteca S.A. de C.V.

Mexico Media and entertainment D NR Bankruptcy
03/23/23

Flint HoldCo S.a.r.l.

Luxembourg Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services SD CCC Missed principal payments
03/31/23

Toro Private Holdings I Ltd.

U.K. Transportation SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
03/31/23

Wahoo Fitness Acquisition LLC

U.S. Consumer products D CCC- Missed principal and interest payments
04/05/23

FQM (Akubra) Inc.

Canada Metals, mining, and steel D NR Bankruptcy
04/06/23

Lannett Co. Inc.

U.S. Health care SD CCC+ Missed interest payments
04/06/23

Rodan & Fields LLC

U.S. Consumer products D CCC- Out-of-court restructuring
04/06/23

Covis Finco S.a.r.l.

Switzerland Health care SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
04/06/23 Confidential Confidential Capital goods D CCC- Confidential
04/10/23

QualTek LLC

U.S. Capital goods SD CCC+ Missed interest payments
04/10/23 Confidential Confidential Media and entertainment D CC Confidential
04/12/23 Confidential Confidential Utilities D CCC- Confidential
04/12/23

Guacolda Energia S.A. (A)

Chile Utilities D CC Distressed exchange
04/17/23

Adler Group S.A.

Luxembourg Homebuilders and real estate companies SD CC Distressed exchange
04/17/23

David's Bridal Inc.

U.S. Consumer products D NR Bankruptcy
04/19/23

Skillz Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
04/24/23

Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. (B)

U.S. Retail and restaurants D CCC- Bankruptcy
04/27/23

Burger BossCo Intermediate Inc.

U.S. Retail and restaurants D CCC- Missed principal and interest payments
04/27/23

Grupo IDESA S.A. de C.V.

Mexico Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services SD CC Distressed exchange
05/01/23

FXI Holdings Inc.

U.S. Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services SD CC Distressed exchange
05/02/23 Confidential Confidential Consumer products D CCC- Confidential
05/02/23

WeWork Cos. LLC (A)

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CC Distressed exchange
05/05/23

Frigoglass SAIC

Greece Consumer products SD CC Distressed exchange
05/08/23

CatLuxe S.a.r.l.

Luxembourg Consumer products D CC Out-of-court restructuring
05/10/23

Range Parent Inc.

U.S. Capital goods SD CCC Distressed exchange
05/15/23

Telesat Canada

Canada Telecommunications SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
05/16/23

Envision Healthcare Corp.

U.S. Health care D CCC Bankruptcy
05/16/23

Monitronics International Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment D CCC Bankruptcy
05/17/23

At Home Group Inc.

U.S. Retail and restaurants SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
05/17/23

CareerBuilder LLC

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC Distressed exchange
05/18/23

Curo Group Holdings Corp.

U.S. Financial institutions SD B- Distressed exchange
05/18/23

Venator Materials PLC

U.K. Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services D CCC- Bankruptcy
05/22/23

LifeScan Global Corp.

U.S. Health care SD CC Distressed exchange
05/24/23 Confidential Confidential Media and entertainment D CCC Confidential
05/29/23 Confidential Confidential Forest products and building materials SD CCC- Confidential
06/01/23

Genesis Care Pty Ltd.

Australia Health care D CCC- Bankruptcy
06/01/23

Lucky Bucks LLC

U.S. Media and entertainment D CCC- Missed principal and interest payments
06/02/23

Diebold Nixdorf Inc.

U.S. High technology D CC Bankruptcy
06/04/23

PGX Holdings Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment D NR Bankruptcy
06/05/23

KCIBT Holdings L.P.

U.S. Consumer products SD CCC Distressed exchange
06/06/23

Cyxtera Technologies Inc.

U.S. Telecommunications D CCC- Bankruptcy
06/07/23

U.S. TelePacific Holdings Corp.

U.S. Telecommunications SD CCC- Distressed exchange
06/09/23

Tacora Resources Inc.

Canada Metals, mining, and steel D CCC- Missed interest payments
06/12/23

InterCement Brasil S.A.

Brazil Forest products and building materials SD CC Missed principal and interest payments
06/13/23

Instant Brands Holdings Inc.

U.S. Consumer products D CCC- Bankruptcy
06/21/23

Photo Holdings LLC

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CC Distressed exchange
06/23/23

URS Holdco Inc.

U.S. Transportation SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
06/30/23 Confidential Confidential Aerospace and defense D CCC- Confidential
07/14/23

Azul S.A.

Brazil Transportation SD CC Distressed exchange
07/14/23

NSA International LLC

U.S. Consumer products D CCC- Distressed exchange
07/18/23

MVK Intermediate Holdings LLC

U.S. Consumer products SD CCC- Missed interest payments
07/18/23

Mallinckrodt PLC

Ireland Health care SD CCC Missed interest payments
07/20/23

Anchor Glass Container Corp.

U.S. Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services SD CCC Missed interest payments
07/21/23

Exela Technologies Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CC Distressed exchange
07/28/23

U.S. Renal Care Inc.

U.S. Health care D CCC+ Distressed exchange
08/01/23 Confidential Confidential Homebuilders and real estate companies SD CCC- Confidential
08/01/23 Confidential Confidential Capital goods D CCC Confidential
08/04/23 Confidential Confidential Media and entertainment SD CC Confidential
08/07/23

Western Global Airlines Inc.

U.S. Transportation D NR Bankruptcy
08/08/23

Takko Fashion S.a.r.l.

Luxembourg Consumer products D CC Distressed exchange
08/08/23

Yellow Corp.

U.S. Transportation D CC Bankruptcy
08/09/23 Confidential Confidential Homebuilders and real estate companies SD CCC Confidential
08/10/23

Rackspace Technology Global Inc.

U.S. High technology SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
08/16/23

CNG Holdings Inc.

U.S. Financial institutions SD CC Distressed exchange
08/16/23

Guacolda Energia S.A. (B)

Chile Utilities D CC Distressed exchange
08/16/23

Strategic Materials Holding Corp.

U.S. Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services D CC Missed principal and interest payments
08/21/23

Pure Fishing Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC Distressed exchange
08/22/23

Dawn Acquisitions LLC

U.S. Telecommunications SD CCC Distressed exchange
08/25/23

Maverick Gaming LLC

U.S. Media and entertainment SD B- Distressed exchange
08/28/23

Digital Media Solutions Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
08/31/23

Casino Guichard - Perrachon S.A.

France Retail and restaurants D CC Missed interest payments
09/01/23

Carvana Co.

U.S. Automotive D CC Distressed exchange
09/07/23

Cornerstone Chemical Co.

U.S. Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services D CC Missed interest payments
09/11/23

Haya Holdco 2 PLC

Spain Consumer products D CC Distressed exchange
09/13/23

Learfield Communications LLC

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC- Distressed exchange
09/15/23 Confidential Confidential Transportation SD CC Confidential
09/19/23

Sunac China Holdings Ltd.

Cayman Islands Homebuilders and real estate companies D NR Bankruptcy
09/21/23

Ideal Standard International S.A.

Luxembourg Forest products and building materials D CC Distressed exchange
09/21/23 Confidential Confidential Capital goods SD CCC+ Confidential
09/21/23

Rising Tide Holdings Inc. (B)

U.S. Retail and restaurants SD CCC Distressed exchange
09/21/23

Wheel Pros Inc.

U.S. Automotive SD CCC Distressed exchange
09/25/23 Confidential Confidential Capital goods SD CC Confidential
10/04/23

Poseidon Investment Intermediate L.P.

U.S. Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
10/04/23 Confidential Confidential Consumer products SD CCC+ Confidential
10/13/23

Ensign Energy Services Inc.

Canada Oil and gas SD CCC Distressed exchange
10/16/23

Rite Aid Corp.

U.S. Retail and restaurants D CCC- Bankruptcy
10/19/23 Confidential Confidential Media and entertainment SD CCC Confidential
10/24/23

Akumin Inc.

Canada Health care D CCC Bankruptcy
10/25/23

Air Methods Corp.

U.S. Health care D CCC Bankruptcy
10/25/23

Investimentos e Participacoes em Infraestrutura S.A. - Invepar

Brazil Transportation D CCC- Distressed exchange
10/25/23

Muganbank OJSC

Azerbaijan Financial institutions D B- Regulatory
11/01/23

ClubCorp Holdings Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CC Distressed exchange
11/01/23

TortoiseEcofin Parent Holdco LLC

U.S. Financial institutions SD CCC Distressed exchange
11/01/23

WeWork Cos. LLC (B)

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC Missed interest payments
11/02/23

Unigel Participacoes S.A.

Brazil Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services D CCC- Missed interest payments
11/08/23

Audacy Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment D CCC- Missed interest payments
11/09/23

CWT Travel Group Inc.

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
11/10/23

Telesat Canada (B)

Canada Telecommunications SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
11/13/23

API Holdings III Corp.

U.S. Aerospace and defense SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
11/13/23

Quincy Health LLC

U.S. Health care SD CCC Distressed exchange
11/14/23

MHP SE

Ukraine Consumer products SD CC Distressed exchange
11/15/23

Moran Foods LLC (B)

U.S. Retail and restaurants SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
11/20/23

FinThrive Software Intermediate Holdings Inc.

U.S. Health care SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
11/27/23

Tele Columbus AG

Germany Telecommunications D CCC Missed interest payments
11/28/23

Praesidiad Group Ltd.

U.K. Capital goods D CCC- Distressed exchange
12/05/23

Matrix Holdings Inc.

U.S. Telecommunications SD CCC Missed interest payments
12/05/23

Tullow Oil

U.K. Oil and gas SD CC Distressed exchange
12/06/23

HealthChannels Intermediate HoldCo LLC (HealthChannels LLC)

U.S. Health care SD CCC Distressed exchange
12/07/23

LendingTree Inc. (B)

U.S. Media and entertainment SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
12/11/23

Community Health Systems Inc. (B)

U.S. Health care SD CCC+ Distressed exchange
12/11/23

Lecta Ltd.

Luxembourg Forest products and building materials SD CC Distressed exchange
12/13/23

Outerstuff LLC

U.S. Consumer products SD CCC- Missed principal and interest payments
12/15/23

FR BR Holdings LLC

U.S. Utilities D CCC- Missed principal and interest payments
12/19/23

Range Parent Inc. (B)

U.S. Capital goods SD CCC Distressed exchange
12/21/23

Wittur International Holding GmbH

Germany Capital goods D CC Distressed exchange
12/22/23

Signa Development Selection AG

Austria Homebuilders and real estate companies D CC Bankruptcy
12/28/23

SK Neptune Husky Intermediate IV S.a r.l.

Switzerland Chemicals, packaging, and environmental services D CCC+ Missed principal and interest payments
SD--Selective default. NR--Not rated. Sources: S&P Global Market Intelligence's CreditPro and S&P Global Ratings Credit Research & Insights.

We would like to thank our colleague Lyndon Fernandes with the CRISIL Global Analytical Center for his assistance with this report.

Related Research

Default studies

More analyses and statistics are available in our annual default studies, published on RatingsDirect.

Corporate (financial and nonfinancial):

Structured finance:

Public finance:

Sovereign and international public finance:

This report does not constitute a rating action.

Credit Research & Insights:Nicole Serino, New York + 1 (212) 438 1396;
nicole.serino@spglobal.com
Patrick Drury Byrne, Dublin (00353) 1 568 0605;
patrick.drurybyrne@spglobal.com
Research Contributor:Lyndon Fernandes, CRISIL Global Analytical Center, an S&P affiliate, Mumbai

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