logo
  • 中文网站
  • 한국어
  • Português
  • Español
  • Get Support
  • Commodity Insights LIVE
  • System Notification
  • Dashboard
  • Subscriptions
  • Personal Info
  • Interests
  • Events
  • Bookmarks
  • Alerts & Preferences
  • Logout

Trending Topics

  • Biofuels and Energy
  • Commodities 2025
  • Commodity Pricing & Market Data
  • Energy Transition
  • Jet Fuel
  • Steel & Metals
  • Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)

Offerings by Division

  • S&P Global Market Intelligence
  • S&P Global Ratings
  • S&P Global Commodity Insights
  • S&P Dow Jones Indices
  • S&P Global Mobility
  • S&P Global Sustainable1
Biofuels and Energy
Commodities 2025
Commodity Pricing & Market Data
Energy Transition
Jet Fuel
Steel & Metals
Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)
< S&P Global Market Intelligence
< S&P Global Ratings
< S&P Global Commodity Insights
< S&P Dow Jones Indices
< S&P Global Mobility
< S&P Global Sustainable1

S&P Global Offerings

market-intelligence

Market Intelligence
ratings

Ratings
commodity-insights

Commodity Insights
dow-jones-indices

S&P Dow Jones Indices
mobility

Mobility
sustainable1

Sustainable1

Featured Topics

Sustainability
Private Markets
Energy Transition
Credit & Risk
Fixed Income
Supply Chain
Technology & AI

Featured Products

capital-iq-pro

S&P Capital IQ Pro
platts-connect

Platts Connect
esg-scores

S&P Global ESG Scores
autocreditinsight

AutoCreditInsight
ratings360

Ratings360
spice

SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data

Events

Featured S&P Global Events
Webinar Replays
CERAWeek
S&P Global Market Intelligence
S&P Global Ratings
S&P Dow Jones Indices
S&P Global Mobility
S&P Global Commodity Insights
S&P Global Sustainable1

Careers

Overview
Our Culture
Our Commitment
Our Work
Search for a Job
  • S&P Global Home
  • Market Intelligence
  • Ratings
  • Commodity Insights
  • S&P Dow Jones Indices
  • Mobility
  • Sustainable1

S&P Global Offerings

market-intelligence

Market Intelligence
ratings

Ratings
commodity-insights

Commodity Insights
dow-jones-indices

S&P Dow Jones Indices
mobility

Mobility
sustainable1

Sustainable1

Featured Topics

Sustainability
Private Markets
Energy Transition
Credit & Risk
Fixed Income
Supply Chain
Technology & AI

Featured Products

capital-iq-pro

S&P Capital IQ Pro
platts-connect

Platts Connect
esg-scores

S&P Global ESG Scores
autocreditinsight

AutoCreditInsight
ratings360

Ratings360
spice

SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data

Events

Featured S&P Global Events
Webinar Replays
CERAWeek
S&P Global Market Intelligence
S&P Global Ratings
S&P Dow Jones Indices
S&P Global Mobility
S&P Global Commodity Insights
S&P Global Sustainable1

Careers

Overview
Our Culture
Our Commitment
Our Work
Search for a Job
logo
Login

    S&P Global Offerings

    market-intelligence

    Market Intelligence
    ratings

    Ratings
    commodity-insights

    Commodity Insights
    dow-jones-indices

    S&P Dow Jones Indices
    mobility

    Mobility
    sustainable1

    Sustainable1

    Featured Topics

    Sustainability
    Private Markets
    Energy Transition
    Credit & Risk
    Fixed Income
    Supply Chain
    Technology & AI

    Featured Products

    capital-iq-pro

    S&P Capital IQ Pro
    platts-connect

    Platts Connect
    esg-scores

    S&P Global ESG Scores
    autocreditinsight

    AutoCreditInsight
    ratings360

    Ratings360
    spice

    SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data

    Events

    Featured S&P Global Events
    Webinar Replays
    CERAWeek
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Dow Jones Indices
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    S&P Global Sustainable1

    Careers

    Overview
    Our Culture
    Our Commitment
    Our Work
    Search for a Job
    • S&P Global Home
    • Market Intelligence
    • Ratings
    • Commodity Insights
    • S&P Dow Jones Indices
    • Mobility
    • Sustainable1

    S&P Global Offerings

    market-intelligence

    Market Intelligence
    ratings

    Ratings
    commodity-insights

    Commodity Insights
    dow-jones-indices

    S&P Dow Jones Indices
    mobility

    Mobility
    sustainable1

    Sustainable1

    Featured Topics

    Sustainability
    Private Markets
    Energy Transition
    Credit & Risk
    Fixed Income
    Supply Chain
    Technology & AI

    Featured Products

    capital-iq-pro

    S&P Capital IQ Pro
    platts-connect

    Platts Connect
    esg-scores

    S&P Global ESG Scores
    autocreditinsight

    AutoCreditInsight
    ratings360

    Ratings360
    spice

    SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data

    Events

    Featured S&P Global Events
    Webinar Replays
    CERAWeek
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Dow Jones Indices
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    S&P Global Sustainable1

    Careers

    Overview
    Our Culture
    Our Commitment
    Our Work
    Search for a Job

    Language

    • 中文网站
    • 한국어
    • Português
    • Español

    • Dashboard
    • Subscriptions
    • Personal Info
    • Interests
    • Events
    • Bookmarks
    • Alerts & Preferences
    • Logout

    Support

    • Get Support
    • Commodity Insights LIVE
    • System Notification
    Commodity Insights
    Subscribe
    • The Learning Center
    • Conferences, Training, & Strategic Media

    Solutions

    Agriculture & Food
    Clean Energy Technology
    Crude Oil
    Crop Science
    Carbon & Scenarios
    Fuels & Refined Products
    Biofuels
    Gas & Power
    Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)
    Chemicals
    LNG
    Steel & Metals
    Fertilizers
    Shipping

    Capabilities

    Market Insights
    Commodity Pricing & Market Data
    Risk
    Software
    AI
    CI Consulting
    Energy Transition

    Delivery Platforms

    platts-connect

    Platts Connect
    data-distribution

    Data & Distribution
    • The Learning Center
    • Conferences, Training, & Strategic Media

    Solutions

    Agriculture & Food
    Clean Energy Technology
    Crude Oil
    Crop Science
    Carbon & Scenarios
    Fuels & Refined Products
    Biofuels
    Gas & Power
    Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)
    Chemicals
    LNG
    Steel & Metals
    Fertilizers
    Shipping

    Capabilities

    Market Insights
    Commodity Pricing & Market Data
    Risk
    Software
    AI
    CI Consulting
    Energy Transition

    Delivery Platforms

    platts-connect

    Platts Connect
    data-distribution

    Data & Distribution

    News & Research

    Latest News
    Infographics
    Topics
    Special Reports
    Podcasts
    Videos
    Insight Blog
    Commodity Insights Magazine
    Commodity Insights LIVE
    Market Insights Recommendations

    News & Research

    Latest News
    Infographics
    Topics
    Special Reports
    Podcasts
    Videos
    Insight Blog
    Commodity Insights Magazine
    Commodity Insights LIVE
    Market Insights Recommendations
    • Subscriber Notes
    • Corrections
    • Holiday Publication Schedule
    • Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
    • Complaints

    Our Methodology

    Our Methodology
    Methodology Review & Change
    Market On Close
    Price Assessments & Benchmarks
    Index
    Price Symbols
    Methodology & Specifications
    Symbol Search & Directories
    MOC Participation Guidelines
    Reference Documents

    Methodology & Participation

    MOC Participation Guidelines*
    Methodology Review & Change
    Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues*
    Corrections
    Complaints*

    Reference Tools

    Holiday Publication Schedule*
    Conversion Tables*
    Glossary*
    Dunl.org
    • Subscriber Notes
    • Corrections
    • Holiday Publication Schedule
    • Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
    • Complaints

    Our Methodology

    Our Methodology
    Methodology Review & Change
    Market On Close
    Price Assessments & Benchmarks
    Index
    Price Symbols
    Methodology & Specifications
    Symbol Search & Directories
    MOC Participation Guidelines
    Reference Documents

    Methodology & Participation

    MOC Participation Guidelines*
    Methodology Review & Change
    Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues*
    Corrections
    Complaints*

    Reference Tools

    Holiday Publication Schedule*
    Conversion Tables*
    Glossary*
    Dunl.org
    • Conferences
    • Forums
    • Webinars
    • Methodology Education
    • Training
    • All Events

    Featured Events

    ceraweek

    CERAWeek
    gea

    Global Energy Awards (GEA)
    wpc

    World Petrochemical Conference (WPC)
    gpm

    Global Power Markets (GPM)
    appec

    APPEC
    london-energy-forum

    London Energy Forum

    S&P Global

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Corporates
    Need a Rating?
    Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions
    Corporates
    Sectors
    Regulatory
    Events
    Products & Benefits

    S&P Global Offerings

    Corporates
    Credit Rating History
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    S&P Dow Jones Indices
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    REGULATORY
    Ratings Actions
    EVENTS
    Sectors
    S&P Global Sustainable1
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Global
    S&P Global Market Intelligence

    S&P Global

    SECTORS
    Need a Rating?
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Intro to Credit Ratings

    Research & Insights

    Need a Rating?
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    Fixed Income Issuance
    Ratings Actions
    Need a Rating?
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions

    S&P Global

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Contact Us
    Contact Us
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Corporates
    Credit Rating History
    S&P Global Mobility
    Need a Rating?
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions
    S&P Global
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Global Sustainable1
    Need a Rating?
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    • Conferences
    • Forums
    • Webinars
    • Methodology Education
    • Training
    • All Events

    Featured Events

    ceraweek

    CERAWeek
    gea

    Global Energy Awards (GEA)
    wpc

    World Petrochemical Conference (WPC)
    gpm

    Global Power Markets (GPM)
    appec

    APPEC
    london-energy-forum

    London Energy Forum

    S&P Global

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Corporates
    Need a Rating?
    Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions
    Corporates
    Sectors
    Regulatory
    Events
    Products & Benefits

    S&P Global Offerings

    Corporates
    Credit Rating History
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    S&P Dow Jones Indices
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    REGULATORY
    Ratings Actions
    EVENTS
    Sectors
    S&P Global Sustainable1
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Global
    S&P Global Market Intelligence

    S&P Global

    SECTORS
    Need a Rating?
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Intro to Credit Ratings

    Research & Insights

    Need a Rating?
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    Fixed Income Issuance
    Ratings Actions
    Need a Rating?
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions

    S&P Global

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Contact Us
    Contact Us
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Corporates
    Credit Rating History
    S&P Global Mobility
    Need a Rating?
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions
    S&P Global
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Global Sustainable1
    Need a Rating?
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings

    About Commodity Insights

    Overview
    Contact Us
    Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
    Commodity Insights LIVE

    About Commodity Insights

    Overview
    Contact Us
    Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
    Commodity Insights LIVE
    S&P Global / Commodity Insights
    • The Learning Center
    • Conferences, Training, & Strategic Media

    Solutions

    Agriculture & Food
    Clean Energy Technology
    Crude Oil
    Crop Science
    Carbon & Scenarios
    Fuels & Refined Products
    Biofuels
    Gas & Power
    Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)
    Chemicals
    LNG
    Steel & Metals
    Fertilizers
    Shipping

    Capabilities

    Market Insights
    Commodity Pricing & Market Data
    Risk
    Software
    AI
    CI Consulting
    Energy Transition

    Delivery Platforms

    platts-connect

    Platts Connect
    data-distribution

    Data & Distribution
    • The Learning Center
    • Conferences, Training, & Strategic Media

    Solutions

    Agriculture & Food
    Clean Energy Technology
    Crude Oil
    Crop Science
    Carbon & Scenarios
    Fuels & Refined Products
    Biofuels
    Gas & Power
    Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)
    Chemicals
    LNG
    Steel & Metals
    Fertilizers
    Shipping

    Capabilities

    Market Insights
    Commodity Pricing & Market Data
    Risk
    Software
    AI
    CI Consulting
    Energy Transition

    Delivery Platforms

    platts-connect

    Platts Connect
    data-distribution

    Data & Distribution

    News & Research

    Latest News
    Infographics
    Topics
    Special Reports
    Podcasts
    Videos
    Insight Blog
    Commodity Insights Magazine
    Commodity Insights LIVE
    Market Insights Recommendations

    News & Research

    Latest News
    Infographics
    Topics
    Special Reports
    Podcasts
    Videos
    Insight Blog
    Commodity Insights Magazine
    Commodity Insights LIVE
    Market Insights Recommendations
    • Subscriber Notes
    • Corrections
    • Holiday Publication Schedule
    • Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
    • Complaints

    Our Methodology

    Our Methodology
    Methodology Review & Change
    Market On Close
    Price Assessments & Benchmarks
    Index
    Price Symbols
    Methodology & Specifications
    Symbol Search & Directories
    MOC Participation Guidelines
    Reference Documents

    Methodology & Participation

    MOC Participation Guidelines*
    Methodology Review & Change
    Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues*
    Corrections
    Complaints*

    Reference Tools

    Holiday Publication Schedule*
    Conversion Tables*
    Glossary*
    Dunl.org
    • Subscriber Notes
    • Corrections
    • Holiday Publication Schedule
    • Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
    • Complaints

    Our Methodology

    Our Methodology
    Methodology Review & Change
    Market On Close
    Price Assessments & Benchmarks
    Index
    Price Symbols
    Methodology & Specifications
    Symbol Search & Directories
    MOC Participation Guidelines
    Reference Documents

    Methodology & Participation

    MOC Participation Guidelines*
    Methodology Review & Change
    Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues*
    Corrections
    Complaints*

    Reference Tools

    Holiday Publication Schedule*
    Conversion Tables*
    Glossary*
    Dunl.org
    • Conferences
    • Forums
    • Webinars
    • Methodology Education
    • Training
    • All Events

    Featured Events

    ceraweek

    CERAWeek
    gea

    Global Energy Awards (GEA)
    wpc

    World Petrochemical Conference (WPC)
    gpm

    Global Power Markets (GPM)
    appec

    APPEC
    london-energy-forum

    London Energy Forum

    S&P Global

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Corporates
    Need a Rating?
    Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions
    Corporates
    Sectors
    Regulatory
    Events
    Products & Benefits

    S&P Global Offerings

    Corporates
    Credit Rating History
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    S&P Dow Jones Indices
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    REGULATORY
    Ratings Actions
    EVENTS
    Sectors
    S&P Global Sustainable1
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Global
    S&P Global Market Intelligence

    S&P Global

    SECTORS
    Need a Rating?
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Intro to Credit Ratings

    Research & Insights

    Need a Rating?
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    Fixed Income Issuance
    Ratings Actions
    Need a Rating?
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions

    S&P Global

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Contact Us
    Contact Us
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Corporates
    Credit Rating History
    S&P Global Mobility
    Need a Rating?
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions
    S&P Global
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Global Sustainable1
    Need a Rating?
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    • Conferences
    • Forums
    • Webinars
    • Methodology Education
    • Training
    • All Events

    Featured Events

    ceraweek

    CERAWeek
    gea

    Global Energy Awards (GEA)
    wpc

    World Petrochemical Conference (WPC)
    gpm

    Global Power Markets (GPM)
    appec

    APPEC
    london-energy-forum

    London Energy Forum

    S&P Global

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Corporates
    Need a Rating?
    Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions
    Corporates
    Sectors
    Regulatory
    Events
    Products & Benefits

    S&P Global Offerings

    Corporates
    Credit Rating History
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    S&P Dow Jones Indices
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    REGULATORY
    Ratings Actions
    EVENTS
    Sectors
    S&P Global Sustainable1
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Global
    S&P Global Market Intelligence

    S&P Global

    SECTORS
    Need a Rating?
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Intro to Credit Ratings

    Research & Insights

    Need a Rating?
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    Fixed Income Issuance
    Ratings Actions
    Need a Rating?
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions

    S&P Global

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Contact Us
    Contact Us
    ABOUT RATINGS
    Corporates
    Credit Rating History
    S&P Global Mobility
    Need a Rating?
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings
    Ratings Actions
    S&P Global
    S&P Global Market Intelligence
    S&P Global Mobility
    S&P Global Commodity Insights
    S&P Global Ratings
    S&P Global Sustainable1
    Need a Rating?
    Understanding Credit Ratings
    Intro to Credit Ratings
    ESG in Credit Ratings

    About Commodity Insights

    Overview
    Contact Us
    Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
    Commodity Insights LIVE

    About Commodity Insights

    Overview
    Contact Us
    Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
    Commodity Insights LIVE
    Commodity Insights
    Subscribe
    Subscribe
    • / Commodity Insights
    • / Topics
    • / War in Ukraine
    • Topics

    Topic

    War in Ukraine

    Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, S&P Global Commodity Insights looks at the impacts on commodity and energy markets in the region and the world at large.

    • Follow Us

    • Our Purpose
    • Our Values
    • Our History
    • Ventures
    • Press Center
    • Careers at S&P Global Commodity Insights
    • Investor Relations
    • Overview
    • News Releases
    • Quarterly Earnings
    • SEC Filings & Reports
    • Contact Us
    • Sales & Support
    • Support by Division
    • Reports an Ethics concern
    • Office Locations
    • Advertisers
    • Our Organization
    • Careers
    • Corporate Responsibility
    • Leadership
    • IOSCO ESG Rating & Data Product Statements
    • About S&P Global Commodity Insights
    • Terms of Use
    • Cookie Notice
    • Privacy Policy
    • Client Privacy Portal
    • Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

    • © 2025 S&P Global