The M. W. Kellogg Company is developing an improved ammonia process that combines two innovative features. The first of these, designated the Kellogg Advanced Ammonia Process (KAAP), is based on the use of a high-activity ruthenium-based ammonia synthesis catalyst. The second feature, the Kellogg Reforming Exchanger System (KRES), entails the use of a specially designed heat exchanger/reactor that thermally integrates the primary (endothermic) and the secondary (exothermic) reforming stages. KAAP has been demonstrated and commercialized in the retrofit of Ocelot Chemical Industries' plant in Canada; KRES is to be applied in a further retrofit of the same plant, with start-up scheduled in late 1994. This review evaluates an SRI version of a process based on a KAAP-KRES combination and compares its economics with those of ICI's LCA process.
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PEP Review 93-1-4
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