Published October 2023
Net-zero emissions targets and decarbonization ambitions are driving the demand for carbon sequestration solutions. The Working Group III sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that the total net anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have continued to rise and were at 59 ± 6.6 billion metric tons of CO2 equivalent (GtCO2e) in 2019 [1].
In 2019, the atmospheric CO2 concentration (410 parts per million [ppm]) was higher than at any time in at least the past two million years (high confidence), and concentrations of methane (1,866 parts per billion [ppb]) and nitrous oxide (332 ppb) were higher than at any time in at least 800,000 years (very high confidence) [2]. For the same year, approximately 79% of the global GHG emissions came from the sectors of energy, industry, transport and buildings together and 21% from agriculture, forestry and other land use [2].
Despite the acceleration of climate goals, there is a lack of coherence over targets and on the global scale, all efforts still fall short to limit global warming to below 2°C [3]. We are rapidly approaching the high noon of the decarbonization movement. It is generally recognized that varied trajectories will be needed to stay the course for decades that will depend on local conditions, political-economic persuasions, resource availability and social acceptance.
This report presents the following:
- Capture of CO2 from flue gases generated by combined cycle gas turbine power plant (CCGT) using a hindered amine.
- An Economic Model for CO2 capture using the amine solvent, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), activated by piperazine (aAMP), as the CO2 capture solvent from flue gases generated by a CCGT and coal-fired equipment. This sterically hindered amine has been examined in detail in PEP Report 180F Next Generation Carbon Capture (October 2021). The cases covered are flue gases from:
- A CCGT with 90% capture
- A CCGT with 95% capture
- A coal-fired equipment with 90% capture
- A coal-fired equipment with 95% capture
For Economic Modeling, an Excel-based dashboard is presented to analyze the key operating and economic parameters for varying flue gas flows and capture percentages. This will allow the user to quickly estimate major utility consumptions, key parameters and capital and operating expenditures for a solvent-based carbon capture facility. The challenges and different parameters of capturing 95% from low CO2 CCGT flue gas is also examined.
Apart from the technical and economic analysis, we have also included a material balance table, a sized equipment list and a process flow diagram for CO2 capture from combined cycle gas turbine technology in this report. For this case, an Excel-based tool, iPEP Navigator® is provided for easy economic analysis in different regions of the world.
The technological and economic assessment of the process is the Process Economics Program’s independent interpretation of a potential commercial process. Each of these is based on the information presented in the open literature, such as patents or technical articles and may not reflect in whole or in part the actual plant configuration. We do believe that these sources are sufficient to represent the process and process economics within the range of accuracy necessary for the economic evaluations of the conceptual process designs.