Published November 2024
Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) is produced by reacting benzene with alkyl groups containing 10-13 carbon atoms that are derived from normal (straight-chain) paraffins or linear alpha-olefins. Nearly all LAB is converted to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) by sulfonation. LAS is the world’s largest-volume synthetic surfactant, including the various salts of sulfonated alkylbenzenes, and is the major surfactant used in household and industrial detergents. Branched alkylbenzene (BAB) is also sulfonated to produce a branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (BAS) that can be used in the same applications as LAS. However, BAS is slow to biodegrade in waste treatment plants; consequently, it has been replaced by LAS in household detergent applications in the developed countries, but continues to be used in some industrial applications in the developed countries. Its use in household detergent applications has been declining in the less developed countries as well, because BAS is more expensive to produce than LAS. BAB is also more expensive than LAB because of tight propylene tetramer supply and price.
The following pie chart shows world consumption of LAB in 2024:
Over the forecast period, consumption is expected to increase at an average annual rate of 2.2%, albeit with significant regional differences. Growth will be driven by healthy demand in Southern Asia, particularly India; Turkey; Africa; the Middle East; Central and Eastern Europe; Eastern Asia, including mainland China; and South-eastern Asia. These markets consumed approximately 70% of total world LAB demand in 2023. Since about 2015, consumption of LAB in India has exceeded LAB consumption in mainland China. India still uses a lot of powder detergents, whereas liquid detergents are growing in mainland China. If crude oil prices, and consequently prices for LAB’s raw materials n-paraffins and benzene, increase significantly during 2024–29, consumption could grow at a slightly lower rate. Additionally, if there is a big switch to competing oleochemical-based surfactants — particularly in the developing regions and primarily as a result of possible lower fatty alcohol prices in the future compared with LAB — this will also hurt LAB consumption, as markets like mainland China will switch detergent formulations.
In mature markets, like North America and Western Europe, consumption growth will be modest at best. This is a result of efforts of the detergent manufacturers to introduce new products that contain less surfactant per washload. In recent years, liquid laundry detergents including unit-dose packs, especially in the United States, have become more popular with consumers, and therefore, consumption of powder laundry detergent (traditionally containing significant amounts of LAS) has been decreasing. However, with high inflation, consumers were more price sensitive, leading to the purchase of detergents with lower surfactant loads and powder detergents in 2022 and 2023.
Regions with still-developing markets that have significantly lower consumption of detergents per capita (although this is changing), like Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, are expected to register an increase in demand between 2% and 4% annually.
Worldwide production and consumption of BAB have steadily decreased over the years. Increased availability of LAB, its competitive pricing and the concerns associated with the low biodegradability of BAS have led to the steady decline of BAB demand. This trend is expected to continue over the forecast period, and production and consumption of this product will decline.
For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.
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